Bioactive Nutrition of Human milk 母乳活性營養
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母乳是嬰兒最適合的食物來源,其營養成分及生物活性因子(Bioactive factors),支持嬰兒生長發育及健康發展。
母乳是人類嬰兒最適合的食物來源,包括其營養成分及「生物活性因子」(Bioactive factors),可以支持嬰兒生長發育及健康發展。母乳哺餵是嬰兒最理想的餵養方式,與嬰幼兒中長期的低疾病風險,包括呼吸道或胃腸道感染、肥胖、糖尿病、過敏等息息相關,這些效益與母乳不可替代的營養,和所蘊含生物活性因子有關。
Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of:1-3
Respiratory
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- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Lower respiratory tract infection
- Asthma
- RSV bronchiolitis
Gastrointestinal
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- NEC
- Gastroenteritis
- Coeliac disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Other
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- Otitis media
- Atopic dermatitis
- Type 1 and 2 diabetes
- Obesity
- Childhood leukaemia
- SIDS
母乳活性因子
活性因子意指可影響生物過程及受質的成分,進而對身體功能及健康有所效益4。母乳活性因子有些由乳腺上皮細胞所產生及分泌,有些由母乳中細胞攜帶而來5。
母乳含有多種活性因子,包括細胞、抗感染和抗發炎因子、生長因子以及微生物等,對嬰幼兒的早期生長發育至關重要。母乳活性因子能夠提供酵素活性,促進嬰兒免疫發展、保護嬰兒抵禦感染、促進組織器官發育,建立健康腸道菌叢生態,激發嬰兒自我保護力。例如初乳中免疫活性成分尤其豐富,如sIgA、乳鐵蛋白能夠預防感染、上皮生長因子(EGF, epidermal growth factor)與腸道黏膜的成熟和修復有關5-6。
影響母乳活性因子的因素
母親本身的狀況,包括飲食、生理狀態都可能影響母乳活性因子的數量、品質及組成,進而影響對嬰兒的效益。
Maternal factors
Maternal genotype
Maternal diet
Maternal physiological state
Mode of delivery
Infant gestational age
Lactation stage
Underlying medical conditions
Maternal medication use
Maternal BMI
![Quantity Quality Composition](/sites/default/files/2023-03/learning-lead_8.jpg)
Quality
Composition
![Quantity Quality Composition](/sites/default/files/2023-03/learning-lead_8_m.jpg)
Infant clinical parameters
Infectious morbidity
Allergies
Growth and body composition
Cognitive development
Gastrointestinal development
Immune system maturation
Metabolism
1.Victoria CG, et al. Lancet 2016;387:475–490; 2.Lodge CJ, et al. Acta Paediatr 2015;104:38–53; 3.Quigley MA, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016;70:1420–1427; 4.Schrezenmeir J, et al. Br J Nutr 2000;Suppl.1:1; 5.Ballard O and Morrow AL. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013;60:49–74; 6. Donovan SM, Lonnerdal B. J Pediatr 2016;173:Suppl:S1–3
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